ASD prevalence is highly variable based on the study and nature of the trauma. The prevalence rates of ASD were reported less than one week post-injury at 24.0 to 24.6% and 1 to 2 weeks post-injury at 11.7% to 40.6%. įurthermore, there have been some epidemiologic studies on specific populations. A meta-analysis performed by Wenjie Dai et al. in 2018 on the prevalence of ASD among road traffic accidents showed a pooled prevalence of 15.81% (95% CI: 8.27-25.14%). Thirteen studies in eight countries pooled a total of 2989 accident patients. The results show the significance of early ASR symptoms in surveillance and therapy. ASD prevalence in emergency room encounters among children (7 to 17 years) exposed to trauma was 14.2 in two weeks. The prevalence of PTSD at nine weeks was 9.6 percent. In the postpartum cross-sectional study, mothers having preterm babies had significantly higher ASD than term babies ( 14.9 % versus 0%, 95% CI: 2.16 617.61, OR: 36.5). The exact reason why most people recover after a traumatic event but few develop acute stress disorder (ASD) remains unknown. Various models were developed to explain the response to traumatic events. The majority of them are related to "fear conditioning." It is a form of Pavlovian learning that when a traumatic stimulus (e.g., explosion) occurs together with a neutral stimulus (e.g., smell) or context (e.g., night time), in the future encounters of the neutral stimulus or context, the brain, and the body exhibits the same fear responses (even in the absence of the traumatic stimulus). Most healthy people adapt to fear conditioning by extinction learning - a gradual reduction in response to the traumatic stimulus. If this mechanism fails, the patient continues to re-experience fearful symptoms of the initial traumatic event.
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